In November, late autumn and cooler temperatures allow for a variety of crops that are well suited to this time of year. During this month, it is possible to plant vegetables, legumes and fruit plants that tolerate the colder climate and take advantage of the moisture reserves typical of autumn.

Vegetables

Lettuce and winter salads: During this time, lettuce, radicchio, escarole and endive can be sown, which grow well in cool temperatures and withstand light frosts.
Cabbage and Brassicas: Cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli and kale are ideal for November, as they tolerate the cold and even improve the taste after a few frosts.
Spinach and Swiss chard: These leafy vegetables grow quickly and withstand the cold. Spinach, in particular, is among the most nutritious and easy to grow winter vegetables.
Arugula and Valerian: Arugula can be sown for quick harvests, while valerian grows slowly, but both are resistant to low temperatures.

Legumes

Peas: November is a good month to plant autumn-seeded peas, which require low temperatures to germinate and can be ready as early as spring.
Broad beans: Broad beans are also a suitable choice; Sowing broad beans in November allows you to take advantage of the autumn rains and obtain well-rooted plants that will withstand the winter, ready for spring harvesting.

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Bulb and Tuber Plants

Garlic: This is one of the best times for garlic planting, which benefits from the cold for vigorous root development and bulb formation in the spring.
Onion: The white onion for spring harvest can be sown in November to benefit from the winter season.
Shallots: Shallots are also an ideal plant for autumn planting, with good resistance to cold and a summer harvest.
Jerusalem artichoke: This hardy tuber is suitable for sowing in well-drained soils even in November, ready for harvesting in the following winter.

Herbs

Rosemary and sage: Perennial herbs such as rosemary and sage can be planted in sheltered areas. These plants resist the cold well if protected by mulch.
Parsley and coriander: Parsley and coriander tolerate low temperatures well and can also be sown in a cold greenhouse or under light protection.

Fruit Plants

Strawberries: November is a good time to plant remontant strawberries. Starting now helps plants establish themselves in time for spring production.
Shrub plants: If the ground is not frozen, blueberries, raspberries, currants and blackberries can be planted, as November is ideal for transplanting fruit-bearing shrubs, which root well during the winter.
Bare-root fruit trees: This month is great for planting trees such as apple, pear, cherry, and plum trees in the ground, taking advantage of the dormant season.

Green manure and cover crops

To improve soil fertility, it is helpful to sow green manure crops such as field beans, vetch, clover, and mustard, which help protect the soil during the cold months and improve soil structure.

November Growing Tips

Mulching: Protecting young plants with organic mulch helps maintain soil heat and prevents frost.
Cold greenhouse: Growing in a cold greenhouse can extend the season for some vegetables, such as salads and spinach, by improving growth in more sheltered environments.
Snail control: November is still an active month for snails, so it's important to monitor your crops with traps or natural methods of control.

In summary, November is a productive month for those who want to prepare their vegetable garden for spring, with crops that will enrich the soil and offer fresh harvests even during the winter.

FAQ on November Crops

1. Which crops grow best in November with the cold weather coming?

The crops that grow best in November are those that are resistant to cold, such as cabbage, spinach, arugula, winter salads, garlic, onions and peas. These plants tolerate lower temperatures, and some, such as cabbage, improve in taste after a light frost.

2. Is it necessary to protect plants from frost?

Yes, protection is recommended. Mulching the soil around plants with organic materials such as leaves or straw helps retain heat. For particularly sensitive plants, a cold greenhouse or light covers such as non-woven fabric can be used.

3. Can legumes be sown in autumn?

Yes, November is a good month to sow peas and broad beans, which germinate well in low temperatures and develop slowly during the winter, preparing for growth in the spring.

4. Which herbs can be grown in November?

Among the resistant aromatic varieties, rosemary, sage and parsley are excellent choices. If planted in a sheltered place, these plants continue to grow slowly even in cold weather. Parsley is particularly robust and can be sown directly in the garden.

5. Is it possible to plant fruit trees in November?

Yes, November is ideal for planting bare-root fruit trees such as apple, pear, cherry and plum trees. Trees transplanted in this season have time to root before vegetative resumption in spring.

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